A comparative economic assessment of urban transport infrastructure options in low- and middle-income countries

Several innovative public transport (PT) projects have been developed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cars, motorcycles buses share the facilities. However, there seems to be very little evidence on assessment methods analyse feasibility of different PT modes identify most cost-effective mixed system. To address this issue, study develops a comparative economic (CEcoA) based technologies’ characteristics conditions local networks. The integrates four models. First, social cost model (SCM), that calculates costs each mode systems, is key assessment. Second, an incremental elasticity analysis (IEA) evaluates changes total demand by using with respect composite cost. IEA solves first drawback SCM assumed fixed. Third, logit (ILM) estimates modal shares generalised costs. ILM overcomes second disadvantage SCM, preferences users for all alternative are not considered. Fourth, microscopic simulation (MSM) simulates existing modes’ flows network. MSM third which only considers isolated corridor without any interaction between junctions. was applied compare situation twelve options introduction new technologies (Bus Rapid Transit - BRT, elevated Metro Monorail) replacing bus services; either wholly or partially, congestion charge scheme private (PRV) Hanoi, Vietnam terms average (ASC), share. results show eight BRT Monorail feasible, whilst option replaces includes charging best ASC. Transport planners decision makers can draw findings research. A might considered meet specific objectives such as reduction ASCs increase PT. CEcoA strategic tool planning corridors whole network but also retrospectively evaluating investments modes. Moreover, methodology modified various networks abundance assess benefits systems charge.